Corner-Sharing Tetrahedrally Coordinated W-V Dual Active Sites on Cu2 V2 O7 for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.

The sluggish four-electron oxygen evolving reaction is one of the key limitations of photoelectrochemical water decomposition. Optimizing the binding of active sites to oxygen in water and promoting the conversion of *O to *OOH are the key to enhancing oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, W-doped Cu2 V2 O7 (CVO) constructs corner-sharing tetrahedrally coordinated W-V dual active sites to induce the generation of electron deficiency active centers, promote the adsorption of ─OH, and accelerate the transformation of *O to *OOH for water splitting. The photocurrent obtained by the W-modified CVO photoanode is 0.97 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is much superior to that of the reported CVO. Experimental and theoretical results show that the excellent catalytic performance may be attributed to the formation of synergistic dual active sites between W and V atoms, and the introduction of W ions reduces the charge migration distance and prolongs the lifetime of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, the electronic structure in the center of the d-band is modulated, which leads to the redistribution of the electron density in CVO and lowers the energy barrier for the conversion of the rate-limiting step *O to *OOH.

A giant malignant phyllodes tumor of breast post mastectomy with metastasis to stomach manifesting as anemia: a case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are well known for local recurrence and progression. Less than 10% of these tumors grow larger than 10 cm. Distant metastases have been reported in up to 22% of malignant PTs, with most metastases being discovered in the lungs. PTs of the breast rarely metastasize to the gastrointestinal tract, and reported cases are scarce. To date, a review of the English literature revealed only 3 cases, including our case, of PTs metastasis to stomach. CASE PRESENTATION: An 82-year-old female patient had 10-year-duration of palpable huge tumor on left breast which was in rapid growth in recent months. Total mastectomy of left breast was performed thereafter, and pathology diagnosis was malignant phyllodes tumor. Adjuvant radiotherapy was suggested while she declined out of personal reasons initially. For PTs recurred locally on left chest wall 2 months later, and excision of the recurrent PTs was performed. She, at length, completed adjuvant radiation therapy since then. Six months later, she was diagnosed of metastasis to stomach due to severe anemia with symptom of melena. Gastrostomy with tumor excision was performed for uncontrollable tumor bleeding. CONCLUSION: For PTs presenting as anemia without known etiologies, further studies are suggested to rule out possible gastrointestinal tract metastasis though such cases are extremely rare. Management of metastatic gastric tumor from PTs should be done on a case-to-case basis, surgical intervention may be needed if there is persistent active bleeding despite medical treatment. Adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended in borderline and malignant PTs with tumor-free margin < 1 cm and high-risk malignant tumors. Adjuvant chemotherapy or target therapy may be helpful for metastatic PTs. Molecular and genomic techniques may predict clinical outcomes of benign and borderline PTs more precisely.

The Application of FOXO1A Expression Predicts Aggressive Behavior and Poor Prognosis in Gliomas.

Forkhead box, class O, 1A (FOXO1A) is an important factor related to some human malignancies. We tested the association between FOXO1A cytoplasmic expression and World Health Organization grading system in primary brain tumors (PBTs). First of all, Western blot analysis was also performed in normal brain tissue and U87MG, LN229, GBM8401, and U118MG glioma cell lines protein lysates. Then, in order to realize FOXO1A gene expression in gliomas, U87MG, LN229, GBM8401 mRNA were applied to performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At last, the immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of FOXO1A was performed in 8 non-neoplastic brain tissues and 126 PBTs. The immunostain scores were obtained as the degree of cytoplasmic FOXO1A intensity multiplied by the percentage of positively stained tumor area. On the basis of the results of these in vitro studies, marked increase FOXO1A protein and mRNA expressions in glioma cell lines than in normal human tissue. On the view point of IHC stains, the average immunostain score of FOXO1A in all PBTs was significantly higher than non-neoplastic brain tissues. In addition, the immunostain scores of FOXO1A in high grade were higher than low-grade gliomas. Furthermore, higher cytoplasmic expression of FOXO1A might indicate the shorter overall survival rate in gliomas. Furthermore, FOXO1A expression was associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase I /2, ATRX, and p53 mutation by IHC staining. Therefore, the application of FOXO1A IHC stain might have some benefits to improve diagnostic accuracy, predict tumor progression, and evaluate survival time in glioma patients.

Anastomosing Hemangioma of the Nasal Cavity.

Anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is an uncommon benign vascular neoplasm first described in the genitourinary tract. Symptomatically and histologically mimicking malignant angiosarcoma, a few rare cases have been described in the nonrenal genitourinary tract. Here, we report a 37-year-old man with a nasal AH and epistaxis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of AH reported in the nasal cavity. Awareness of this entity in the nasal cavity can be helpful in diagnosis and distinction from angiosarcoma. Laryngoscope, 130:354-357, 2020.

Trends in computed tomography scan uses in Taiwan from 2000 to 2013.

BACKGROUND: The trends in computed tomography (CT) scan uses in Taiwan were examined in different age and sex groups and compared between catastrophic illness and noncatastrophic illness groups. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan to analyze CT scan uses from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2013. The number, annual growth rate, and cumulative fold change ratio were estimated in different groups classified by sex, age, or disease category (catastrophic illness, noncatastrophic illness). RESULTS: The number of CT scan uses per million people per year in Taiwan increased 2.5 times from 24 257 in 2000 to 60 351 in 2013, at the average annual growth rate of 7.4% ± 5.9%. The annual number of CT scan uses in different age groups and disease category groups was significantly higher in males than in females. However, the average annual growth rate and the cumulative fold change ratio were slightly higher in females than in males. The majority of CT scan uses were in middle age and young adult groups. The annual number of CT scan uses in the young adult, child/adolescent, and middle age groups increased 3.7-, 3.5-, and 2.7-fold from 2000 to 2013, but decreased 0.8-fold in the old-age group. The annual number of CT scan uses was highest in the noncatastrophic illness group, followed by the catastrophic illness cancer group and catastrophic illness others group. CONCLUSION: CT scan uses in Taiwan increased continuously from 2000 to 2013, even in the groups with higher radiation-related cancer risk. Therefore, clinicians, radiologists, and medical policy makers should weigh diagnostic benefit against sex-specific and age-specific risks in the future.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia along the intrinsic muscle after hand contusion injury: Report of two cases.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), also known as Masson's tumor or vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma, is a reactive condition representing an exuberant organization and recanalization of a thrombus. It can occur in normal blood vessels or in vascular malformations, perhaps in response to blood vessel injury or thrombosis. In this report, we present the diagnostic and therapeutic courses of a 55 year-old woman and an 18 year-old man, who had a progressive protruding hand mass following a hand contusion. The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IPEH in both patients.

Chlamydia pneumoniae-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adult patient with clonal karyotype abnormality.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life-threatening disease characterized by a severe hyperinflammation caused by uncontrolled proliferation of activated lymphocytes and macrophages. Herein, we report a 58-year-old male who had Chlamydia pneumoniae-related pneumonia, followed by aggressive HLH. An abnormal cytogenetic profile was also detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an adult patient with C. pneumonia-associated HLH.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a recurrent ischial pressure ulcer: a case report.

Marjolin's ulcer is the malignant transformation of long-standing chronic pressure ulcers and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. A 46-year-old man with an 8-year history of traumatic spinal injury with paraplegia presented with a recurrent ischial pressure ulcer. The initial ulcer, which developed 6 years earlier, was a Stage IV sacral ulcer. The wound was debrided and pathology showed epithelial hyperplasia, acanthosis, hyperkatosis accompanied by mild inflammation, and fibrosis without any malignant transformation. The lesion was covered with a fasciocutaneous bipedicled flap. Four years later, the patient presented with a similar ulcer in the same location. Histology showed the presence of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Following a wide excision, the lesion was covered with a gluteal maximal V-Y musculocutaneous advancement flap. At last follow-up 14 months postoperatively, there was no evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease. Clinicians must be aware of known risk factors for the development of SCC.